Investigation on the Biocontrol of Phytophthora diseases on strawberry based on antagonism

After screening of several rhizosphere bacteria against the soilborne pathogens of red core and crown rot disease of strawberry Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and Phytophthora cactorum under in vitro conditions, three of the most active isolates which produced up to 63% of reduction in mycelium growth, such as Raoultella terrigena (G-584), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (G-V1) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (2R1-7) were selected for further studies under in vivo conditions. In a greenhouse and field experiments, mentioned above three isolates were tested against both Phytophthora diseases under artificial infested soil conditions. Root dip treatment with these bacterial antagonists produced a control effect on both fungal diseases between 27 to 55 % and were in some cases comparable with the chemical fungicide Aliette

The Role of Modern Control Theory in the Design of Controls for Aircraft Turbine Engines

Accomplishments in applying Modern Control Theory to the design of controls for advanced aircraft turbine engines were reviewed. The results of successful research programs are discussed. Ongoing programs as well as planned or recommended future thrusts are also discussed

A Key to Container-Breeding Mosquitoes of Michigan (Diptera: Cllllcidae), With Notes on Their Biology

An illustrated key to larvae and notes on the biology of container-breeding mosquitoes of Michigan are presented. Two species included in the key. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. are not endemic in Michigan, but occasional introductions could occur with commercial shipments of scrap tires or other containers

Why understanding neutrino interactions is important for oscillation physics

Uncertainties in knowledge of neutrino interactions directly impact the ability to measure the parameters of neutrino oscillation. Experiments which make use of differing technologies and neutrino beams are sensitive to different uncertainties. Several experimental and theoretical issues are reviewed.Comment: Proceedings prepared for the Fifth International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region (NuInt07), May 30-June 2, 2007. Proceedings to be published by the AIP (6 pages

Nutzung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Apfel- und Birnensorten im Streuobstbau gegenüber dem Feuerbrand (Erwinia amylovora)

Ausgewählte Apfel- und Birnensorten des Streuobstanbaus wurden während der Jahre 2002 und 2003 auf ihre Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber dem Feuerbrand überprüft. Künstlich inokulierte Birnenbäume der Sorten Gelbmöstler, Grünmöstler, Oberösterreicher, Schweizer Wasserbirne und Wilde Eierbirne reagierten während der Jahre 2002 und 2003 hoch anfällig. Die Sorte Karcherbirne zeigte in beiden Jahren mittleren Befall, während sich die Sorte Metzer Bratbirne mit 2 Befallsstellen pro Baum als gering anfällig erwies. Die Birnensorten Oberösterreicher und Gelbmöstler zeigten sich unter natürlichen Befallsbedingungen anfällig, wobei Oberösterreicher in beiden Jahren stärker befallen wurde als Gelbmöstler. Die Sorte Schweizer Wasserbirne, die sich nach künstlicher Inokulation hochanfällig zeigte, wies unter natürlichen Bedingungen keinen oder nur schwachen Befall auf. Untersuchungen zur Resistenz von Apfelsorten unter den Bedingungen der künstlichen Triebinfektion ergaben für die Sorten Brettacher, Hauxapfel, Pilot und Rote Schafsnase eine hohe Anfälligkeit, während die Sorten Bohnapafel, Brauner Matapfel und Schöner aus Wiltshire nur geringen Befall zeigten. Die Sorte Zabergäu zeigte eine mittlere Anfälligkeit. Unter natürlichen Bedingungen konnte in 2002 und 2003 an den Apfelsorten Brettacher, Jakob Fischer und Pilot schwacher Befall festgestellt werden. 2003 zeigte außerdem die Sorte Berlepsch mittleren Feuebrandbefall. Die Sorten Bohnapfel und Zabergäu blieben unter natürlichen Bedingungen befallsfrei. In den bisherigen Untersuchungen blieben Streuobstsorten, die unter den Bedingungen der künstlichen Inokulation nur schwachen Befall zeigten auch unter natürlichen Bedingungen symptomfrei

Flight evaluation of modifications to a digital electronic engine control system in an F-15 airplane

The third phase of a flight evaluation of a digital electronic engine control system in an F-15 has recently been completed. It was found that digital electronic engine control software logic changes and augmentor hardware improvements resulted in significant improvements in engine operation. For intermediate to maximum power throttle transients, an increase in altitude capability of up to 8000 ft was found, and for idle to maximum transients, an increase of up to 4000 ft was found. A nozzle instability noted in earlier flight testing was investigated on a test engine at NASA Lewis Research Center, a digital electronic engine control software logic change was developed and evaluated, and no instability occurred in the Phase 3 flight evaluation. The backup control airstart modification was evaluated, and gave an improvement of airstart capability by reducing the minimum airspeed for successful airstarts by 50 to 75 knots

Analysing the Security of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect

Many millions of users routinely use their Google accounts to log in to relying party (RP) websites supporting the Google OpenID Connect service. OpenID Connect, a newly standardised single-sign-on protocol, builds an identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, which has itself been widely adopted to support identity management services. It adds identity management functionality to the OAuth 2.0 system and allows an RP to obtain assurances regarding the authenticity of an end user. A number of authors have analysed the security of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, but whether OpenID Connect is secure in practice remains an open question. We report on a large-scale practical study of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect, involving forensic examination of 103 RP websites which support its use for sign-in. Our study reveals serious vulnerabilities of a number of types, all of which allow an attacker to log in to an RP website as a victim user. Further examination suggests that these vulnerabilities are caused by a combination of Google's design of its OpenID Connect service and RP developers making design decisions which sacrifice security for simplicity of implementation. We also give practical recommendations for both RPs and OPs to help improve the security of real world OpenID Connect systems

Negative spatial regulation of the lineage specific CyIIIa actin gene in the sea urchin embryo

The CyIIIa·CAT fusion gene was injected into Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs, together with excess ligated competitor sequences representing subregions of the CyIIIa regulatory domain. In this construct, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene is placed under the control of the 2300 nucleotide upstream regulatory domain of the lineage-specific CyIIIa cytoskeletal actin gene. CAT mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in serial sections of pluteus stage embryos derived from the injected eggs. When carrier DNA lacking competitor CyIIIa fragments was coinjected with CyIIIa.CAT, CAT mRNA was observed exclusively in aboral ectoderm cells, i.e. the territory in which the CyIIIa gene itself is normally expressed (as also reported by us previously). The same result was obtained when five of seven different competitor subfragments bearing sites of DNA-protein interaction were coinjected. However, coinjection of excess quantities of either of two widely separated, nonhomologous fragments of the CyIIIa regulatory domain produced a dramatic ectopic expression of CAT mRNA in the recipient embryos. CAT mRNA was observed in gut, mesenchyme cells and oral ectoderm in these embryos. We conclude that these fragments contain regulatory sites that negatively control spatial expression of the CyIIIa gene

Development of High-Performance Detector Technology for UV and IR Applications

Sensing and imaging for ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) bands has many applications for NASA, defense, and commercial systems. Recent work has involved developing UV avalanche photodiode (UVAPD) arrays with high gain for high resolution imaging. Various GaN/AlGaN p-i-n UV-APDs have been fabricated from epitaxial structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on GaN substrates with avalanche gains greater than 5105, and high responsivities. Similarly, the IR spectral band is useful for measuring ocean temperatures, atmospheric aerosols, forest fires, etc. We are also developing room temperature operating graphene-enhanced PbSe midwave infrared (MWIR) detectors and focal plane arrays (FPAs). These compact and low-cost MWIR sensors can benefit various NASA remote sensing applications. Here we present recent results from these high performance UV- and IR-band detector and FPA technologies